What are alienating behaviors?
Which alienation strategies have been identified?
Badmouthing
Limiting Contact
Interfering with Communication
Interfering with Symbolic Communication
Threat of Withdrawal of Love
Telling the Child that the Targeted Parent is Dangerous
Forcing the Child to Choose Between the Parents
Telling that the Targeted Parent Does Not Love the Child
Confiding in the Child
Forcing the Child to Reject the Targeted Parent (TP)
Asking the Child to Spy on the TP
Asking the Child to Keep Secrets from the TP
Referring to the TP by First Name
Referring to a Stepparent as “Mom” or “Dad”
Withholding Important Information from the TP
Changing the Child’s Name
Undermining the Authority of the TP
2006. Baker, A. J. L., Darnall, D. (2006), Behaviors and Strategies Employed in Parental Alienation: A Survey of Parental Experiences. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 45, 97–124.
Steven Miller organized the 17 strategies or alienating behaviors into six groups:
Badmouthing
Limiting contact
Erasing of memories
Undermining trust
Undermining authority
Undermining love
